Home Network Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Home Network - Essay Example The visual technology with rich animated graphics helps the learners to understand better. Everyone can discuss the lectures and suggestions on forums making a virtual learning environment. Home users can participate online by uploading their suggestions on a particular topic and at the same time sharing the videos and suggestions with the peers. Evaluation of the students is also conducted by E learning, which is an added feature which is beneficial for the home users. Category 5 cables are used for the data transmission in a home network design. CAT-5 is in the form of twisted pairs. This cable consists of 4 copper wire pairs, connecting the network node with RJ 45 connectors.CAT-5 supports up to 100 to 1000 MHz speeds in a full duplex mode (Category 5 Cable. 2007). The length of the cable depends on the distance which needs measurement in the school premises. What are switches and why they are required for deploying a network? A good illustration is available on network dictionary states â€Å"A network switch is a device that joins multiple computers together at a low-level network protocol layer. Technically, network switches operate at layer two (Data Link Layer) of the OSI model† A simple definition is available on eFast Ethernet Cisco switches supporting VLAN functionality are implemented. As compared to the old 10 base-t, the 100 base-t provides 10 times more speed supporting the MAC and MTU. Almost all network adapters supports 100 base-t technology making it a cost saving and efficient choice for local area networks ("Fast Ethernet" 190-190). We will install and configure a 12 port switch, keeping in mind the expansion of the network will not affect by purchasing new network equipment. On the ground floor of the home there is only one switch that is operational and one is installed on the second floor and will be considere d for future expansion of the

History of Movie Essay Example for Free

History of Movie Essay Jon Lewis claimed that the new movies that were being written and produced marked a period of time where it was the â€Å"end of the cinema as we know it. † This could be argued either way by anyone who has both watched some of the classic movies of the past and viewed the new movies of today. There are many reasons to believe that modern movies are just as great as the movies form the past. The modern movies do have some differences that are present in that there are better affects, better overall research, but still the same magical qualities and wonderful imagination that went into films of the past. Therefore it will be argued that it is not the end of the cinema as we know it. By looking at movies from the past, middle time periods and more recent times it can easily be argued that many movies of these time periods put together great plot lines, memorable characters and wonderful lasting interest among those who have watched them. In 1942 Casablanca was released. This movie introduced the world to some of the most memorable characters in film history. It was a true love story that enveloped the viewer and allowed them to feel close to characters like Rhett Butler and Scarlet O’Hara. This movie also gave the viewer a hope that love could prevail above all else. In an argument about how there are still movies made that have these same values, a great story plot line that whisks the viewer into another world and a cast of unforgettable characters one could look at the movies ET and Mullholland Drive. ET was released in 1982 and again introduced the viewer to ET and the wonderful family that allowed him to be at home in their home. The movie brought hope to many that all people could be accepted and that no matter how different one was there was a way for them to be able to gain such acceptance. Mullholland Drive also used some of these same key factors although it was released years later in 2001. This movie’s plot was a bit difference and rather than giving hope about a life that could possibly happen it instilled some fear in people about what could possibly happen if luck were to strike one the other way. However the movie was a great a film that incorporated many different aspects of film technique and it also left a memory in the mind of the viewer as David Lynch (the film’s producer) was able to portray such a real portrayal of life. When looking through movies that are from the different time periods of the American cinema it is easy to see that the times and what is going on really do affect the movies that are popularized and remembered as being part of the time period. These movies depict both current things that are happening as well as looking at the historical events. In 1949 The Sands of Iwo Jima was released and quickly became a popular hit and movie and yet is another movie that has continued to be viewed by audiences over the past six decades. This movie was a portrayal of a group of U. S. Marines that were in a battle in World War II. In light of the times the movie was a portrayal of a part of the world that was unknown to many of the people who were living in the United States. Some more modern movies, although maybe a bit more far fetched, have also looked at the times and what is going on and have drawn their conclusions from these themes. One of these movies was 1999’s The Matrix. This movie was released during one of the largest technological booms that the country has seen. This movie portrayed aspects of the new forms of technology and what could happen if the world continued to grow technologically more advanced. Another movie that looked at problems associated with modern times was Sin City which was released in 2005. This movie looked at the world of crime and organized crime as it has been able to advance in more modern times. Another way that the cinema has been upheld is through the ways that values and beliefs have been portrayed through the movies of the time. Obviously through modernization there have been changes in the way that beliefs have been looked at but through the cinema these beliefs have been marked for all future generations in great pic time pieces that look at the things that are involved. This topic of values, although still portrayed in films has changed greatly. In 1959 Ben Hur was released and it promoted the standard values and beliefs of Christianity and the morals that are portrayed in The Bible. This movie was portrayed in this way as the majority of the country upheld these same beliefs and values. In the 1970’s the morals of the Untied States were changing drastically. By looking at films and the portrayal of interest in organized crime and more cynical events, as evidenced in 1972’s The Godfather, one can see that although the morality and the values of the country were still being upheld they were changing and the films were changing to meet the demands and interests of the people at the time. Much later in 1994’s Pulp Fiction, there was still this profound interest in crime and the ways that organized crime has been ran only there were much less morals in the overall themes than there had been previously in film. This is due in part to the continued evolution of change in the morality of the citizens of the United States. There have also been monumental portrayals of creativity and imagination in the movies that have been portrayed throughout the times. There have been different types of creativity and imagination has evolved but these features have given the viewer a place to escape to and somewhere that they would like to travel by watching the films over and over again. In 1965’s The Sound of Music, one is led into a world where a wonderful nanny moves in with some rather obnoxious children and learns how to befriend and be able to do her job through the magic of music. This movie whisked the viewer away to another place and led the viewer to hope that he/she was able to have that same type of sing-song wonderful life. In 1999’s The Blair Witch Project a group of college students decided to get creative and make a movie that would end up making them millions. This movie did focus a bit on the mythical belief that there could be modern day witches or members of the occult in the world around the viewer. The film was creatively filmed in a manner that led the viewer to believe that it was a work of non-fictional filming and that the events that were happen on camera were really happening to the actors. Another great portrayal of creativity has been in The Polar Express, released 2004. This film was the cinematic portrayal of a classic children’s book that was meant to show the viewer the wonder and mystery of Christmas and Santa Claus. All of these films used creative elements and things that the viewers could appreciate and that would add a little bit of mystery and fun to the viewers’ lives. In conclusion cinema has changed and evolved over the years. Although there is no way to say that cinema has ended as it was once known. Films are still portraying the same types of things as they have in the past. There are the films that are portraying a story line and are meant to whisk the viewer away, films that are looking at historical events and evolvement, films that are looking at the values and morals of the time period in which they are created, and films that are used purely to induce imagination and creativity. It is absurd to think that there was not supposed to be any type of evolvement in the world of film however it is also absurd to think that this has to be a negative thing and that it has to end the world of cinema or film as it was previously known. Therefore it is logical to disagree with Jon Lewis’ thoughts on the world of cinema changing in a negative way.

Scandle in the church :: essays research papers

Headlines were captured in February by the tragic reports that as many as seventy priests in the Archdiocese of Boston, Massachusetts, allegedly have abused young people whom they were consecrated to serve. In the wake this news, allegations of sexual abuse by Catholic priests have sprung up nationwide. It is a huge scandal, one that many people who dislike the Catholic Church because of its moral teachings are using to claim that the Church is hypocritical and that they were right all along. Many people have come up to priests like myself to talk about it. I imagine many others have wanted to but have refrained out of respect or from not wanting to bring up bad news. We need to tackle the issue head-on. We cannot pretend it doesn't exist, and I would like to discuss what our response as faithful Catholics should be to this terrible situation. The Judas syndrome The first thing we need to do is to understand this scandal from the perspective of our faith in the Lord. Before he chose his first disciples, Jesus went up the mountain to pray all night (Luke 6:12). He had many followers at the time. He talked to his Father in prayer about whom he should choose to be his twelve apostles-the twelve whom he would form intimately, the twelve whom he would send out to preach the good news in his name. He gave them power to cast out demons. He gave them power to cure the sick. They watched him work countless miracles. They themselves worked countless others in his name. Yet one of them tuned out to be a traitor. One who had followed the Lord-who had seen him walk on water and raise people from the dead and forgive sinners, one whose feet the Lord had washed-betrayed him. The gospels tells us that Judas allowed Satan to enter into him and then sold the Lord for thirty pieces of silver, handing him over by faking a gesture of love. "Judas," Jesus said to him in the garden of Gethsemane, "would you betray the Son of Man with a kiss?" (Luke 24:48). Jesus didn't choose Judas to betray him. But Judas was always free, and he used his freedom to allow Satan to enter into him, and by his betrayal Jesus was crucified and executed. But God foresaw this evil and used to accomplish the ultimate good: the redemption of the world.

Wilderness vs Civilization

Wilderness Versus Civilization In â€Å"The Place, the Regions, and the Commons,† Gary Snyder discusses the importance of place when dealing with the environment and establishment of ideological hearths. The contrasting sides between the natural world and synthetic societies play a large part within the essay, for we must take a stand when determining our own personal place. Snyder cites many examples of how humanity's search for place leads to the destruction of the natural world around us, such as overgrazing in the commons.This clash between the necessity for a stable â€Å"place† and the universal needs of nature force us to find an equilibrium in which a comprehensive happiness can be reached. Snyder follows up on this environmental critique with a deeper philosophical mindset. He eagerly suggests the idea that our longing for â€Å"place† severely reflects our subconscious tendencies and realities. There are a frustrating number of examples of bioregional s elfishness, such as the tragedy of the commons.However, there are also a delightful abundance of examples that demonstrate the optimistic and altruistic deeds completed in order to insure the health of the habitat within. There are two sides of a coin when dealing with the darkness and purity of mankind as a whole. This same coin exists within us individually, and it is up to us to decide which side lands facing up. It is a difficult task to describe the inner conflicts that occur within myself solely through text. In order to properly express my true feelings and thoughts, another medium must be used.In this scenario, it would be best to demonstrate my newfound resolve and terror through the eyes of a camera lens. Ever since I moved to Boone to begin my college career, I have begun a new personal era of introspection. I seek to know why I commit the corrupt sins that I succumb to, and why I choose to aid subjects that I could optionally neglect. By observing these hidden demons and saints within my soul, I am able to emulate it onto the surface and understand the world as a whole. As Susan Sontag eloquently points out: â€Å"As photographs give people an imaginary possession of a post that is unreal, they also help eople take possession of space in which they are insecure†. In essence, I feel that this picture aptly describes the state of wildness within our fabricated society. The leaf is being consumed by the manufactured acts of humanity, and I feel helpless as I gaze onto it's decaying structure. My mind immediately begins to take responsibility for nature's impending fall into this desolate land. The wildness within us inhibits our sympathies towards the habitats that we constantly surround ourselves with. Civilization is being dominated in this photograph.The trees stand tall, the bushes lay as a shroud of eloquence atop a seething boredom of concrete. The mountains extend their hand to the sky, greeting it with a warm resolve. The wild side to m yself would scuffle this minor victory for nature under the carpet and continue onwards, however the civilized side recognizes the absolutely exquisite act of defiance by the cosmos. As Snyder states: â€Å"The State is destroyed, but the mountains and rivers remain†, the wilderness ignores our presence almost as much as we tend to ignore it. rom the cataclysmic tendencies that plague most. In this fleeting moment of nonsensical entertainment, serenity is achieved and balance is restored; leaving the rest to remain asunder. The war between wilderness and civilization rages inside all of us. The guilt of our selfish actions is only matched by our desire for a better â€Å"place†. These individual conflicts add up to a cumulative impact on the region that we live in. It is apparent that the cruelty of man has influenced certain areas for the worse.My exploration of Boone has led me to conclude that a somewhat stable symmetry between both sides has been formed. There is a sense of order within this town, for many advocates have cascaded a protective sheath around the weakening wild. Even as the nature dwindles away, it is merely retreating and waiting to have the last laugh. The resilience of nature will surely outlast the overabundance of man. This conclusion leaves me hollow and optimistic at the same time, clouding any absolute fulfillment within myself individually.When mankind has free reign, the oversaturation of our greed typically poisons the vulnerable. This is why Snyder urges us to take great efforts in order to restore the equilibrium between civilization and the wilderness. Our time is beginning to run thin as the battle between both sides continue, but Snyder urges us to stay positive and learn from our mistakes in order to reach complete attainment in the future. ———————– I took this picture after the conclusion of my final class on Thursday.I was in the process of contemplation when I looked down and noticed this lonesome leaf surrounded by the artificial landscape. I immediately felt that this small act of symbolism was worth capturing for eternity. It occurred just outside of the Central Dining Hall. I gazed upon the mountain skyline and noticed the rampant growth of trees from my lowered perspective on the ground. This observation made me smile, which led to the capturing of the photograph. By altering my perception of the world around me, I was able to obtain this earthly image.I was extremely delighted to spectate my first game of Quidditch since arriving to my new home. The rambunctious cheers of both sides were only rivaled by the serene beauty brought upon by the landscape on Sanford Mall. I felt like this universal victory should be documented as a model for co-dominance between the wild and civilization. The leaves fall from the trees, as if they are jumping from the stands in an attempt to join the game. The men and women pay respect to the worl d around them by refraining

Rise of Industry in the Late 19th Century

During the 1860’s America was in a period of economic hardship due to the ongoing demand for materials and money to fund the war. In the South, sufficient money and materials were hard to acquire because the southern economy still depended on the labor of slaves to produce their goods and income rather than factories. The Northern economy used numerous factories to produce goods and make profit for the war, but they still did not have technology that was advanced enough to easily produce all the necessary materials and money. After the civil war, America embarked on a journey of economic expansion and unification for the nation. In the late 19th century, government policies, technological advancements and population changes contributed to the rise of industry in America. Many government policies were created in the 19th century to encourage expansion and growth for America. Three very influential policies were the Homestead Act, the Pacific Railway Act and laissez-faire. The homestead act was passed by Congress in 1862 to encourage settlement of western land. It promised any citizen of the United States that was at least 21 years old a homestead of 160 acres under the terms that they paid a 10 dollar registration fee, farmed on the land for 5 years and lived on the land for at least 6 months out of a year. When passed, the act proved a success at allowing huge masses of people to further enlarge and develop America because â€Å"settlers from all walks of life including newly arrived immigrants, farmers without land of their own from the East, single women and former slaves came to meet the requirements† (Weiser). The pacific railway act of 1862 provided the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroad companies with federal land grants and funds to construct a transcontinental railway that would unite the country as one. With the completion of the railroad, industry had the opportunity to rise across America because the transportation time of goods, capital, and people was significantly decreased and more efficient. Laissez-faire was a policy practiced by government that preached a free market economy. Under laissez-faire, the business’s of America were able to grow and acquire larger sums of money because the government had little to no interference in the actions of companies. In the 19th century as settlement and companies expanded across America, technological discoveries were being made as part of an industrial revolution that would further the efficiency and growth of industry. With the transcontinental railroad, the steam engine could transport materials, machinery, goods and more to companies across America with much more ease than horses and wagons could in previous times. The invention of the telephone by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876 increased communication between people to help the coordination and cohesiveness of companies. One brilliant inventor, Thomas Alva Edison, provided the nation with numerous inventions, two of which were the light bulb and the electric generator. As industrialization occurred, machinery was used to produce materials instead of human labor in order to increase production and profit. With the aid of Edison’s electrical generator, the machines of textiles could work faster and more efficient to maximize benefits. Also, with the aid of the light bulb, textiles were able to have longer work hours and produce larger quantities because the restriction of daylight hours was no longer a problem. â€Å"By the end of the nineteenth century, the nation was about to become a mass-production economy† because â€Å"the utilization of steam and electricity, the introduction of improved processes and labor-saving machinery†¦ multiplied enormously the effectiveness of labor† (Chandler 277; George 50). As America was booming from government policies and new technology, population changes also took effect to contribute to the rise of industry. Population was steadily rising due to immigration, migration, and improved conditions of living. Millions of European and Asian immigrants came to America in search of a more promising and successful life. These immigrants created a growing work force that big industries took advantage of by using the minimally paid workers to help produce more for their companies. Along with westward migration in America, â€Å"In the post-civil war period, cities swelled in population as a twin migration of immigrants and rural Americans flocked to the glittering urban environment† (Riis 320). This urbanization solidified the transition of the nation from an agricultural economy to an industrial one. Also in the 19th century, population was at a high compared the past because of improvements in health care, a higher reproduction rate and a better standard of living. These population changes provided America with a large, growing consumer economy that allowed industry and business to thrive. Compared to previous times, America ended the 19th century at an all time high due to new government policies, technological advancements and population changes. With the help of federal encouragement to settle westward and unite the country, industry was able to expand to more places across the nation. In these numerous factories, textiles and other working places, new machinery and technology was used to produce greater quantities in a shorter amounts of time which allowed industry to gain more profit and grow. These successful and innovative factories attracted immigrants and rural Americans, and pushed them to move to cities where industry and business could be a main focus. The growth of American industry in the 19th century took the nation to a whole new developmental level, and from there the nation continued to thrive and evolve. Citations Chandler, Alfred D. The Beginnings of â€Å"Big Business† in American Industry. 1959. American Issues. New York: Glencoe, 1994. 277-80. Print. Evans, Harold. â€Å"The Spark of Genius. † 2004. American History. Vol. 2. Dubuque: McGraw Hill, 2007. 6-21. Print. George, Henry. â€Å"Progress and Poverty. † 1879. America's History. Fourth ed. Vol. 2. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2001. 50-51. Print. Riis, Jacob. â€Å"Life in the Tenements of New York City. † 1890. Voices of the American Past. Second ed. Vol. 2. Orlando: Harcourt College, 2001. 320-22. Print. Story, Jill. â€Å"Lecture. † 27 Sept. 2010. Story, Jill. â €Å"Lecture. † 5 Oct. 2010. Weiser, Kathy. â€Å"The Homestead Act – Creating Prosperity in America. â€Å"Legends of America – A Travel Site for the Nostalgic and Historic Minded. Apr. 2010. Web. 12 Oct. 2010. .

Internet Trespass

Internet Trespass A letter to my sister regarding her website ideaHi Sis,I think that you may have quite a good idea about an amalgamation site for online dating. It would probably be a good money making site for you if you do it properly. Though I think you should look at what happened to a company called Bidder's Edge. Here is a little information that I researched for you to consider.Bidder's Edge was a site that had been created to search many online auction sites and compare the prices of similar items sought by its members. E-Bay however did not like what the company was doing and E-Bay sought to prevent Bidder's Edge from crawling its site, claiming that Bidder's Edge was going onto its site 100,000 times a day, thereby placing a burden on its systems. This was not the activity that a typical user could ever generate.Personal Property (film)Rather than claim intellectual property infringement, E-Bay alleged that by searching items listed for sale Bidder's Edge was trespassing on its site. Bidde r's Edge was not trespassing in the sense of causing damage just by their undesired presence; they were actually doing damage by accessing E-Bay so much that they accounted for a significant percentage of E-Bay's bandwidth. It had nothing to do with linking and everything to do with what amounted to a small-scale Denial of Service bandwidth plus computing resources attack.The court found that Bidder's Edge had interfered with and "damaged" E-Bay's site - and therefore its place of business. (Wolverton, 2000) Bidder's Edge was forced to cease gaining information about E-Bay's site in that manner, but it was free to pursue another other approaches not directly prohibited in the trial. In other words, the government has supported the view that databases are...

The Role of Nationalism essays

The Role of Nationalism essays In the article Culture Is Destiny (Foreign Affairs, 73(2), 1994) Lee kuan Yew discusses ideas about Singapore and the importance of culture to its people. Lee suggests the implementation of a Western styled democracy inapplicable to Asian societies due to cultural differences. I will discuss the adoption of cultural nationalism and Asian values and its use by elites in Singapore to justify the current regimes stance against democracy. I will argue the implementation of a Western styled democratic political nation state can still accommodate cultural issues Lee suggests are unworkable. East Asian society has been under pressure to apply democratic systems of government due to globalisation. In the case of Singapore, Lee Kuan Yew selectively adopted the idea of a Western free market economy and as a result ,has had great economic success (Dae Jung 1994, p. 118). This occurred while elites such as Lee Quan Yew, held tight political control over the country Zakaria argues that: Singapores government can best be described as a soft authoritarian regime (Zakaria 1994, p. 99). Lee Quan Yew achieved this through cultural nationalism and more specifically the idea of Asian values and Confucianism. In the case of Singapore Dae Jung argues that the concept of Asian Values is used by leaders such as Lee Quan Yew as a mechanism in which to create stability and support for the elites: Moreover Lees view of culture is not only unsupportable but self serving Lee Quan Yew makes further use of cultural nationalism and Asian values through Confucianism in an attempt to support his view that Western democracy cannot work in Asia. In particular the Xiushen qijia zhiguo pingtianxia. This is an attempt to explain the current regimes stanc ...

30 Words Invented by Shakespeare

30 Words Invented by Shakespeare 30 Words Invented by Shakespeare 30 Words Invented by Shakespeare By Michael William Shakespeare (1564-1616), considered the greatest writer in the English language, used more than 24,000 words in his writings, more than any other author. Of those words, more than 1,700 were first used by him, as far we can tell. He may have made up many of them himself. How can you possibly understand someone who keeps making up new words? Because Shakespeare made up his new words from old, familiar words: nouns into verbs, verbs into adverbs, adverbs into nouns. He added new prefixes and suffixes to existing words. For example, gloom was already a noun that meant ‘darkness’ and even a verb, but Shakespeare turned it into a adjective, as in ‘the ruthless, vast and gloomy woods’ in Titus Andronicus. Renaissance writers, trying to express classical ideas for the first time in English, often borrowed words from the classical languages of Greek and Latin, and William Shakespeare was no exception. Also, in Shakespeares day, the rules of English grammar were not yet formalized, so he was freer to invent his own. After more than 400 years of changes in the English language, Shakespeare is still beloved and still understood. Because of his knowledge of essential language, we still know what the Princess means in Loves Labours Lost when she says (archaically) Prepare; I will away tonight, even though she leaves out the verb go. Here are 30 of the words invented by William Shakespeare, as compiled by my colleague Maeve in her article Shakespeare’s Vocabulary, each one demonstrated in a sentence from one of his plays: accommodation: adjustment, adaptation, compromise Thou art not noble; For all the accommodations that thou bearst Are nursed by baseness. Measure for Measure agile: able to move quickly or easily His agile arm beats down their fatal points. Romeo and Juliet allurement: Attractiveness, appeal, enticement. That is an advertisement to a proper maid in Florence, one Diana, to take heed of the allurement of one Count Rousillon Alls Well That Ends Well antipathy: dislike, hatred No contraries hold more antipathy Than I and such a knave. King Lear catastrophe: disaster, the dramatic event that begins the resolution of the story And pat! he comes, like the catastrophe of the old comedy. King Lear critical: inclined to criticize, extremely important O gentle lady, do not put me tot; For I am nothing, if not critical. Othello demonstrate: show, display, present And this may help to thicken other proofs That do demonstrate thinly. Othello dexterously: skillfully, with precision. Dexterously, good madonna. Twelfth Night dire: dreadful, dismal, portentous Hapless Aegeon, whom the fates have markd To bear the extremity of dire mishap! Comedy of Errors dislocate: to put out of place They are apt enough to dislocate and tear Thy flesh and bones. King Lear emphasis: Special weight, attention, forcefulness or prominence given to something Be choked with such another emphasis! Say, the brave Antony. Antony and Cleopatra eyeballs: the eyes Tis not your inky brows, your black silk hair, Your bugle eyeballs, nor your cheek of cream, As You Like It emulate: imitate, copy I see how thine eye would emulate the diamond: Merry Wives of Windsor exist: to be, to have reality By all the operation of the orbs From whom we do exist and cease to be; King Lear extract: draw out, remove, withdraw, May it be possible, that foreign hire Could out of thee extract one spark of evil That might annoy my finger? Henry V frugal: thrifty, cheap, economical I was then frugal of my mirth: Heaven forgive me! Merry Wives of Windsor hereditary: inherited, passed on from parents Hereditary, rather than purchased; what he cannot change, than what he chooses. Antony and Cleopatra horrid: terrible, horrible He would drown the stage with tears And cleave the general ear with horrid speech; Hamlet impertinent: insolent, ill-mannered, irrelevant In very brief, the suit is impertinent to myself, Tempest jovial: jolly, cheerful, merry Be bright and jovial among your guests to-night. Macbeth meditate: think, contemplate, study I will meditate the while upon some horrid message for a challenge. Twelfth Night modest: moderate, slight, humble, Do not cry havoc, where you should but hunt With modest warrant. Coriolanus mutiny: tumult, strife, rebellion against a legal authority, especially at sea Good friends, sweet friends, let me not stir you up To such a sudden flood of mutiny. Julius Caesar obscene: indecent, offensive, repulsive O, forfend it, God, That in a Christian climate souls refined Should show so heinous, black, obscene a deed! Richard II pedant: a schoolmaster, someone who shows off his knowledge by using big words Most villanously; like a pedant that keeps a school i the church. Twelfth Night pell-mell: hasty, uncontrolled, confused Advance your standards, and upon them, lords; Pell-mell, down with them! Loves Labours Lost premeditated: deliberate, planned in advance Some peradventure have on them the guilt of premeditated and contrived murder; Henry V reliance: trust, dependence And my reliances on his fracted dates Have smit my credit: Timon of Athens submerged: underwater, below the surface, hidden So half my Egypt were submerged and made A cistern for scaled snakes! Antony and Cleopatra vast: Very large or wide The suns a thief, and with his great attraction Robs the vast sea: Timon of Athens Could we make up new words too, and still be understood? In imitation of Shakespeare, I tried making up a couple do you understand me? The anticlean toddler boy. Though you lamb yourself after your violence, quoth Sherlock, yet before judge and jury I will unlamb you. Shakespeare invented many words that might surprise you. In Shakespeares day, friend was already a noun, but Shakespeare turned it into a verb. Befriend is a more standard verb that expresses the same thing, but a newly-coined word has extra power and surprise but unless you do it discreetly, youll sound like e e cummings or James Joyce. Shakespeare also used the word unfriended, centuries before Mark Zuckerberg. The word swagger, popular with rap musicians, was first used in Henry V and A Midsummer Nights Dream, though Shakespeare didnt invent the word swag. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:15 Terms for Those Who Tell the Future20 Rules About Subject-Verb AgreementWoof or Weft?

The Absent People The Symbolic Republic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Absent People The Symbolic Republic - Essay Example By doing this, we will not only be able to understand about what the primary purpose was of Rosanvallon's writing this book, but as well how Rosanvallon himself thinks and what his major goals are. This is what will be dissertated in the following. One of the most major issues that is discussed in this book is that of the matter of repoliticizing democracy, and in the beginning of this discussion, Rosanvallon makes it very clear that he has an approach which "forces the stress to fall on the paradox that the growth of social power, in essentially negative modes, has come linked to forms of the hollowing of the political. The response to undertake, on the basis of the foregoing understanding, has two components: the institutionalization and rationalization of the forms of indirect democracy on the one hand and its politicization on the other" (Rosanvallon, 2006). These two components are incredibly important to take into consideration and in order to take them properly into consideration, we need to compare them with that of other work, such as for instance that of John J. Davenport, who too specializes in the same area as Rosanvallon, and in Davenport's opinion, he rather negatively criticizes that of the institutionalization and rationalization of the forms of indirect democracy, as he points out that there are many flaws that occur within this. As well, he makes statements that moralize around the opinion that the theory of socialization has a lot to do with this matter, and he argues that it is yet not included enough. While someone like Davenport believes that there would be much that would be needed to be done in order to even come to a remote form of civilization in regards to the matter of institutionalization and rationalization of the forms of indirect democracy, Rosanvallon on the other hand, believes that this component is actually the easiest to grasp out of the two, and that it would actually not take all that much to make some sort of a contribution or a change in regards to this matter. With the second component of democratic progress, which Rosanvallon - and many others - believe should be put into action, which is that of the politicization of indirect democracy, he believes that this co mponent is actually the most difficult out of the two given, and as well that it is the most important. Rosanvallon makes it very clear throughout this particular work of his that he believes that there is an incredibly large range of practical works of resymbolization, and as well of the production of generality. He states that "Against exceptionalist conceptions of the political, the return of the political would have to be understood as proceeding from an ensemble of actions and discourses for producing commonality and making the system of social interactions both more legible and more visible. Giving meaning back to politics, then, cannot take place in the first instance through the

Social and Behavioral Sciences Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social and Behavioral Sciences - Essay Example In a phone interview with the CNN Turk news television the mayor of Manisa town, Cengiz Ergun, said that the blast had caused a fire that had blocked the exits of the mine trapping the workers within. The area has some of the largest coal reserves in the world. Since the tragedy occurred in the midafternoon as the workers were changing shifts it has been challenging for the officials in charge of the rescue efforts to determine the number of miners that were trapped underground. According to local authorities, the mine could have trapped more than 250 miners up to 2000 feet below the surface. According to the energy minister, out of the 787 miners registered at the site, only 363 of them had been rescued. Sixty rescue teams comprising more than 400 members had worked through the night in search of the trapped miners. More than 80 mineworkers were harmed in the tragedy according to Mr. Ergun. Families and friends flocked the Manisa State Hospital where the injured miners were taken. Many people questioned the safety conditions of the mine but the labor ministry in a written statement maintained that the mine had been subject to regular inspection and complied with occupational health and safety regulations. A federal appeals court in Huntsville, Texas on Tuesday halted the execution for a convicted murderer just hours before he was scheduled to be put to death. The court granted the stay to review a claim presented by the lawyers of the defendant saying he was mentally retarded and that state agencies had for a long time known and concealed this fact. Robert James Campbell, 41, had been set to be the first death row inmate to be executed in America after a botched execution in Oklahoma that drew attention to the methods and drugs used and the secrecy surrounding lethal injections. The U. S. Court of Appeals in New Orleans conceded the stay ask for by Campbells attorneys. The court was initially reluctant

Thesis-driven essay supported by close reading Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Thesis-driven supported by close reading - Essay Example is also a social and political commentary on the historical position of black people in the United States at that time and as such the book offers a wider commentary beyond the personal experience of one boy. The social commentary talks to us about racism, inequality, slavery, violence and oppression. The personal commentary tells us about hunger, the human spirit, coming of age and the development of strategies to find a way to survive as a black boy growing into a man in the racist America of the time. At the time of writing â€Å"Black Boy† Wright was also influenced by other writers such as James Joyce (1922), who also used their writing as a means for self-analysis. In an atmosphere of awareness of Freud and Freud’s thinking around the human condition and behavior, Wright shows us much of his inner world through symbols in the external world and the other characters in his wider life, that is, beyond his immediate family. â€Å"Black Boy† has many central themes including coming of age, rites of passage, violence, oppression, morals, values and loneliness to name a few. However, in this paper I am focusing on the theme of hunger, Wrights personal experiences of hunger, hunger on an emotional level, and educational level and a physical level. To quote: "Once again I knew hunger, biting hunger, hunger that made my body aimlessly restless, hunger that kept me on edge, that made my temper flare, hunger that made hate leap out of my heart like the dart of a serpents tongue, hunger that created in me odd cravings" (Wright. 119). Holding in mind the influence of Freud in Wrights accounts I am curious about the symbolism surrounding food and nurturance and the lack of food and nurturance. This leads me into a consideration of Wrights relationship with his mother and father. I am aware this paper is to focus on relationships beyond the immediate family but it is essential to offer some beginning to his early relationships in order to look at the meanings and

Behaviors in Nursing Management Professional Term Paper

Behaviors in Nursing Management Professional - Term Paper Example The specific type of leadership needed in nursing management practice will be analyzed and its advantages presented. The form of leadership recommended in nursing is democratic leadership. After this, the importance of emotional and cultural intelligence will be discussed. Emotional intelligent managers are leaders with ability to identify and understand personal change emotions and develop strategies to manage them. Cultural intelligence is critical in nursing management practice as one strives to create an influence in an environment with different cultures values refer. After a discussion on the leadership styles, the specific qualities needed will be presented. Some qualities identified include integrity, courage, attitude and ability to take initiative. The other qualities identified are optimism, ability to strike balance in all areas of life and ability to manage stress. The next part will be a discussion on values, qualities and behaviors in relation to management process, co mmunication, team building, orientation of new staff and caring and ethics and empowerment of staff from a personal perspective. In the management process, values refer to the principles that the manager upholds and advocates. Qualities and behaviors refer to personal attributes that make a person an authentic leader in the organization. These values, behaviors and qualities in management process include being of integrity, promoting open communication, teamwork and managing organizational change.

Alex Prager Art Works Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Alex Prager Art Works - Essay Example Flavien Demarigny, a resident of Los Angele commonly known by the natives as Mambo is an artist who rose to fame through self-determination and commitment. In his work as an artist, before becoming to the limelight. The Australian brand has hit 30th birthday and is one of the most famous brands in the nation and abroad. Its originality places it at a better position to recognition as a distinct brand. The banded t-shirts also contributed immensely to its preference. Through various art works, Mambo succeeded in dealing with racial preference as well as commercialism. This he achieved by incorporating fun facts into the various works. In the latest work, dubbed 30 years off the shelf- indulgence, ideologies that make the brand stand out are well incorporated. Mambo, as a brand encompasses various sectors including fashion, general art, and design. Mambo combines the use of music and humor to make it the preferred brand in Australian artistry. The target audience by the artist is the a verage Australian and other citizens outside the Australian borders. Politically, Mambo helped to reduce the oppression in the 1980s in Australia through use comments done by its artists. Invitation by New South Wales Art Gallery was a boost to the label in the political arena. The Gallery exposed Mambo internationally enabling the label recognition by the state. Consequently, the state gave Mambo the mandate to design uniforms for its athletes. In Australia today, Mambo is a recognized brand that stands out from other designer brands.

Animal Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Animal Rights - Essay Example It is important to consider in a critical fashion whether they have substantially offered a clear point to convince us of what they claim that we have moral or ethical responsibilities towards animals and that we need to shift to vegetarianism. Michael Pollan essentially believes that we have moral or ethical responsibilities towards animals. This evident in his point of view when he tries to argue that it is just fine to consume meat from animals for as long as humans must implement the entire process with consciousness, ceremony and respect that these concerned animals deserve (Pollan). In other words, Polan believes that animals have certain rights as well, knowing that his point reveals the fundamental treatment that animals may potentially deserve even if they are the kind solely intended for human consumption. Pollan is trying to imply that animals which might be primarily meant for meat on the table are still deserving of the appropriate treatment from humans. If there is what we call a humane treatment for humans, Pollan is trying to suggest a significant and similar action as counterpart on animals. This makes him a not so conservative advocate as far as the claim against animal consumption is concerned, but his points will give us enough understanding that humans have essential moral or ethical obligations towards animals. However, Pollan’s point is not so strong to lead us to a vegetarian lifestyle. On the contrary, Tom Regan is so strong with his sheer stand, that just like humans, animals have positive interests too. He remarkably creates a more philosophical argument in this claim, by defining what it means to be human, linking it to the point of defining human interest at its broadest term. One of his remarkable examples that is compelling and worthy of a response is the point that infants are humans too, but if being able to express through words might prove humans to have that positive interests they deserve, then infants who are not cap able of using words might turn out to be like animals too that based on the human standards, are not able to use words, logic and higher form of thinking (Regan). Therefore, it is not safe to argue that expression is such a fundamental basis of the human right and the thing that makes individuals superior to animals. Even though animals are not able to express, but Regan believes that they too also have corresponding rights just as what infants deserve. Regan therefore is trying to emphasize the point that animals have the basic right to survive, which is technically the essence of their positive interests. Unlike Pollan, Regan is more serious in his view to promote the idea that animals’ interests should prevail, implying therefore that vegetarianism is the right way to take for the humanity. â€Å"The question of the obligatoriness of vegetarianism, in other words, can arise only if and when the animals we eat are the kind of beings who have interests† (Regan). Final ly, just like Regan, Harriet Schleifer provides some remarkable arguments in order to convince the humanity that killing animals for our consumption is unethical. Schleifer has the same idea with Regan, acknowledging the thought that animals have the basic right they deserve, and that is the right to have their lives. In

Alex Prager Art Works Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Alex Prager Art Works - Essay Example Flavien Demarigny, a resident of Los Angele commonly known by the natives as Mambo is an artist who rose to fame through self-determination and commitment. In his work as an artist, before becoming to the limelight. The Australian brand has hit 30th birthday and is one of the most famous brands in the nation and abroad. Its originality places it at a better position to recognition as a distinct brand. The banded t-shirts also contributed immensely to its preference. Through various art works, Mambo succeeded in dealing with racial preference as well as commercialism. This he achieved by incorporating fun facts into the various works. In the latest work, dubbed 30 years off the shelf- indulgence, ideologies that make the brand stand out are well incorporated. Mambo, as a brand encompasses various sectors including fashion, general art, and design. Mambo combines the use of music and humor to make it the preferred brand in Australian artistry. The target audience by the artist is the a verage Australian and other citizens outside the Australian borders. Politically, Mambo helped to reduce the oppression in the 1980s in Australia through use comments done by its artists. Invitation by New South Wales Art Gallery was a boost to the label in the political arena. The Gallery exposed Mambo internationally enabling the label recognition by the state. Consequently, the state gave Mambo the mandate to design uniforms for its athletes. In Australia today, Mambo is a recognized brand that stands out from other designer brands.

Science Fiction and film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Science Fiction and film - Essay Example Chaos ensues, and all of these lives are turned upside down as they try to deal with and adapt to the situation. Similarly, a cold war depicts a political hostility between various countries that are characterized by threats and open warfare. These two separate examples share very common characteristics with each other; thus, War of the Worlds acts as an allegory of a cold war (Geiger, 607). The hostile aliens of War of the Worlds can be seen as the political figures and military from various countries that would be the onset of a cold war as well as the ones that would be deployed to other countries to fight and initiate a reign of terror. The aliens from the movie came to Earth and, without reason or forewarning, began a hostile attack on the human beings. In a cold war setting, the aforementioned political figures and military would be sent out in a similar fashion. While the various countries may have some forewarning to hostilities from other countries, there is still the possibility that a bomb or other weapon of mass destruction could be sent over to the other country without being alerted of it first. Especially during the time era of the movie, in the 1950s, the United States military, though strong and powerful, did not have the means that it has today to detect missiles before they would reach the country. The aliens of War of the Worlds opened fire without letting their victims know as to why they were doing so. Again, though many wars may be started due to a certain issue, in the case of a cold war a political issue, it sometimes takes the dropping of a bomb before the various countries involved become aware of a reason, or even a problem. It tends to be the icebreaker of the entire ordeal. The aliens and the humans of War of the Worlds also represent the various countries and their differences in regard to political issues.

Testing the Materials and its Importance Essay Example for Free

Testing the Materials and its Importance Essay The history of the development of protective gears worn by fire fighters would not be complete without the discussion of the most important aspect involved in the production, creation and standardization of the â€Å"safe† and â€Å"effective† fire protection gear and clothing for fire figthers. â€Å"A number of standards organizations have tests for the performance of thermal protective clothing when it is new, however there is currently no standard for the continuing performance of this gear (Yarborough, 2005, p. 74). † This is important because brand new equipment, gear and clothing should provide optimum capability for whatever purpose it was designed for. It is quite dangerous, however, that these gears are not subjected to more tests as they age after numerous use, which forces fire fighting organizations to either purchase new fire protective gears after a particular period of time or when they believe that the equipment has already surpassed its usability and efficiency. While some organizations who do not have ample funding from government may opt to make do with what they have even if there gears and protective clothing is in a state of questionable efficiency and usability. This situation may also prove to be a catalyst for the important change in the history of protective gear and clothing used in fire fighting, especially if this particular discrepancy is acted upon with new policies that address the problem of efficiency and reliability of old and used protective gear and clothing. â€Å"As performance of this clothing can deteriorate over its useful lifetime, there is a need to develop methods to determine when fire departments should retire their gear (Yarborough, 2005, p. 74). † But the presence of tests and examinations nonetheless are important points in the manufacturing and use of fire fighting clothing and gears. These examinations and quality tests through the years have become an important aspect in the creation of fire protection clothing and gear. This action guarantees fire fighters and fire officials that what the government regulates its fire fighters to wear are actually proven safe and effective and will contribute to the safety assurance of the lives of the fire figthers during fire fighting operations. These examinations test different protective gears and clothing, submit it to real, brutal and worse case scenario situations to see how it responds and how it affects the person wearing it, at the same time allowing the investigators to see the areas of improvement for these particular fire protection clothing and gear. Without these examinations and measures designed to regulate the design and use of fire protection gears and clothing, fire fighters do not know for sure if what they are wearing and what they are using can actually help them. â€Å"The National Fire Protection Association has published the NFPA Standard on Protective Ensemble for Structural Fire Fighting which specifies construction and minimum performance requirements for structural fire fighting gear. The standard references a number of ASTM fabric tests for use in the specification of new gear elements (Yarborough, 2005, p. 74). † What is more dangerous is that fire fighters maybe led into a false hope of safety that they are unknowingly putting themselves in harm’s way with the odds heavily stacked against them because they are not as well protected as they thought they were.

Strength Training for Children and Adolescents

Strength Training for Children and Adolescents This essay will particular focus on the links between a child development and training load by critically discussing, bone development, muscle mass and strength, menstruation in young females, issues of obesity and physical inactivity, aerobic and anaerobic exercise, and injury. After highlighting the contemporary research surrounding these links, the findings and methodology are evaluated. To begin, a brief definition of training load is put forward. The findings founds within training load and children may not be a as straight forward as it appears as much research has looked at the link between training load and a childs development, through peered reviewed research. The ways of assessing physical activity training load and development, as well as the reasoning why they should and should not take part in exercise, with reference to bone and muscle changes. Also the implications to menstruation in young female athletes and which exercise type of exercise is better for the young. As well as the negative issues relating to injury during physical activity, with reference to the potential affects in to adulthood. Physical activity and health is also known to be beneficial, however the methods and ways in which this is done may give different results. This will be discussed through how physical activity can improve the quality of life and also how being inactive can have issues. It will be looked at through many health conditions including cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, osteoporosis, cancers, and obesity, and also how physical activity can reduce the chance of getting some of these health conditions. It must firstly be mentioned what training load is. Training load is the amount of exercise completed and how much energy used (Rowland, 2005). Children and adolescents have taken part in physical activity through school in physical education classes, but there are those who enjoy exercise more than others. In each case there are physiological implications which can occur, such as developmental issue which can include, bone and muscle problems, injury and health issues such as heart disease, cancers and obesity, as well as menstrual complications in females. Also there are implications for children and adolescents who do not exercise. As children progress into adolescence, the influence of peers and peer pressure becomes noticeable and a widespread decline in physical activity becomes more of a problem. Generally boys will tend to participate in some sort of exercise or sport with friends at a higher intensity than girls (Sallis, 1993). Rowland (2007) suggested that physical activity has many benefits for the young, as it promotes health, thus making you healthy in adult life. However Rowland goes on to mention that more research is needed to look at factors such as frequency and duration of physical activity during childhood as this can determine how reliable the health outcomes maybe in adulthood. Furthermore it was suggested that in the long term that if adolescents are physical active it will enhance bone health and reduce certain cancers such as breast cancer. However Twisk (2001) discussed the onset of many chronic illnesses which start at child and that strategy should be put in to plan to reduce disease early on in life. Exercise found that one important way to stop the on set of disease, but increasing physical during childhood and adolescence. Evidence found that exercise guidelines for children and adolescents is weak, and additional it was found that only a small amount of research which found that exercising when young can be related to health in a dulthood. This can suggest that guidelines based on the public, should be more focused on health benefits, rather than how much exercise should be completed on a daily basis. Behm, Faigenbaum and Klentrou, (2008) produced a review on the recommendations of resistance training on paediatrics, with the correct training methods can be safe and improve health. Studies measuring (anthropometric) children have not found to show an increase in muscular hypertrophy with resistance training in paediatrics with cystic fibrosis and cerebral palsy. Surprisingly it has been mentioned that there is no minimum age to start resistance training in children, however this does need to be structured when exercising. The resistance training in children needs to be with a qualified instruction and while being supervised. This seems in many cases to be unachievable as not every child can have instruction with exercising (e.g. a child running is exercise but does not need instruction or supervision), never the less resistance training exercise can aid in muscle strength, endurance, balance, power and co-ordination and many health benefits. Moderate stress on bones (e.g. weight-b earing exercise) builds a stronger skeleton. Heavy loads or extreme forces can retard bone growth. Therefore, power and heavy weight training should be avoided until later stages of development. Training should be closely monitored during adolescence for signs of stress / overuse. Bones are more susceptible to fractures when growth plates (cartilage sights that are not yet ossified) are still present. If bone growth accelerates faster than muscle length, then undue stress can be placed on the skeleton during growth spurts; this can be exasperated by repetitive exercises or movements. Burrows (2007) found that diseases such as osteoporosis are becoming increasingly high, however weight-bearing exercise is a good way to enhance bone mineral density, making it stronger, if this exercise is continued throughout the growth period. It has been suggested that sport needs to start at perpubertal age to obtain peak bone mass. Sports such as gymnastics and football are recommended to increase peak bone mass. Within this research area there also seems to many authors suggesting that training load will be good for muscle and bone strength, especially weight bearing training as this strengthen the body, additional some authors have mentioned professional support and instruction in training will stop the chances of getting injury, but surely injury will be enviable, as it is the individual who is doing that specific exercise or sport can have an accident. Despite this there are other issues with training load on the young, especially in females and menstruation, as Eliakim Beyth, (2003) study found when looking at exercise training, menstrual irregularities and bone development in children and adolescents. Weight bearing exercise has been know to be important in bone development, this is even more important in children and adolescents, as bone mineral density reaches around 90% of its peak by the second decade. Physical activity in childhood and adolescence can reduce the risk on bone disease such as osteoporosis in later life. However strenuous exercise in females can affect there reproductive system causing athletic amenorrhea (this is the stopping of menstruation for six months or more). This is becoming more popular as it is 4-20 times higher than the general populations, especially in the female athlete. This can lead to skeletal fractures, unstable spine and vertebral joints, as well as menstrual abnormalities. As a result fema le athletes would have to reduce training, to reduce skeletal affects, as this is more harmful to bones growth, especially if a child or adolescence is still at the rapid growth stage at this time and prevent changes in menstruation. Further issues relating to adolescents and training load are growth, maturation and strength. Bernadette (2006) study looked at whether moderate-high amounts of dance training would influence linear growth and sexual maturation if girl ages 8-11 years old, through puberty. Results found that no change of height velocity of the dancers in year one. However when controlling the groups for maturations, fat mass, lean mass and also extracurricular activities (not dancing), there where found to be no changes in growth or velocity growth in height, sitting height or leg length. Thus finding that there was link between age at menarche and hours and years of dance training. Also resulting in no affect occurring in moderate high level of dance training in linear growth or maturation. However it has been found that preadolescent boys and girls can see meaningful gains in strength with proper training. Although it has been documented that adults and adolescents can achieve significant improveme nts with strength training, training gains for children have been questioned. The argument that led to the false belief that children couldnt benefit from training was based on two presumptions. First, it was considered unlikely that notable changes in muscular strength and endurance could occur prior to puberty, due to lower levels of circulating androgens (e.g., testosterone). The underlying assumption was that higher levels of androgens were necessary for improvements in muscle size and strength to occur. Second, children naturally become stronger as they grow, and strength gains beyond that were thought improbable. Previous studies, which seemed to support this, were often limited in study design and research methodology (such as low intensity, low volume or short duration training protocols). Nevertheless, this data seemed to suggest that resistance training was ineffective in the very young population. Faigenbaum (2000) A growing body of scientific evidence in support of childrens strength training has arisen within the past decade. The literature provides strong documentation that both male and female preadolescents can improve strength significantly with well-designed resistance-training programs. Recent reviews analyze the available research by comparison. Although a relatively small number of studies were included, one review revealed that a majority of studies demonstrated strength gains between 13 and 30 percent as a result of training (Falk Tenenbaum, 1996). Another reported similar results for children and youth, and each of the studies included in this review indicated that resistance training was generally effective, regardless of participants or study characteristics (Payne, Morrow, Johnson Dalton, 1997). Gains from strength training for preadolescents are generally attributed to neural adaptations and motor learning, rather than circulating androgens. Muscle hypertrophy, or an increase in the cross-sectional area of a muscle, is not usually detected in children as a result of training. Since muscle size has been correlated with strength, studies indicating no increase in muscle hypertrophy implied that strength training was ineffective in younger participants. On the opposite side of the scale there are those children and adolescence who do not exercise. It is well known that obesity is one of the biggest health problems across the world, but with children becoming less physical active this will be inevitable, along with several other major diseases which can include coronary heart disease, hypertension, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, lung disease and some cancers. Watts, Jones, Davis Green (2005) study found evidence that non physically active children are most like to become less physically active in adulthood, furthermore it is encouraged that physical activity habits in children help patterns of exercise in adulthood. Random control trails have been designed to look at exercise training in both children and adolescence. The studies found exercise does have beneficial outcomes, but it does always reduce bodyweight, it does however have more beneficial effects to changes in fat and lean body mass, thus showing the need for better asse ssment in future exercising training studies. Exercise can improve cardiovascular fitness and muscle strength, but little affect on blood lipids and blood pressure in obese youths. Similar important studies have found that exercise improves vascular endothelial function, which was found to be a substitute measure to predict the atherosclerotic risk in children and adolescents who are obese (Celermajer, Sorensen Gooch, 1992).Training studies have found an improvement in vascular function, however an absence in changes in lipid fractions, haemodynamic variables or glucose metabolism as exercise appears to have a beneficial effect on the vasculature (Watts, Beye Siafarikas et al, 2004) Another area which is essential in a children development is the aerobic and anaerobic development in children and adolescence. Cardiovascular function being in childhood but is also different of those of an adult. Children have smaller heart chambers and lower volume than adults, thus finding a lower stroke volume than an adult during rest and exercise. Children have a smaller stroke volume, but a child has a higher maximal heart rate compared to an adult. An adolescent, max heart could be found to be higher than an adult but not quiet as high as a childs (Sharp, 1995). Although higher heart rates can not be compensated for a childs lower stroke volume and theres a childs cardiac output is lower than in adults (Wilmore Costill, 1994). Thus suggesting that more of the cardiac output goes to working the muscle in children than it would in adults (Wilmore Costill, 1994). Children are found to be more naturally aerobic, rather than anaerobic, but unfortunately there are few studies wh ich have found that aerobic capacity in children will improve with training aerobically. Furthermore Rowlands (1992) argued that no studys have been complied which has the specific outline of 12 weeks training, over three days per week, with heart rates of 160 beats per minute over twenty minutes as a minimum requirement, as well as a large group of participants, with a control, thus being similar to an adults training schedule. Rowland found that if children complete a similar aerobic training routine and intensity to an adult, they would improve there V02 max between 7 and 26%. Which suggests children can improve aerobic fitness from an adult training program. Sharp (1995) found that children have a lower lactate production and the anaerobic threshold in children give heart rates of between 165-170 beat per minute, which is similar to a trained endurance adult. Yet sedentary adults anaerobic threshold is between 120-150 beats per minute. Which means that heart rate will be higher in a sedentary child than an adult. More evidence has supported high intensity stimulus theory that activity level in children is not related to V02 max (Rowland, 1992). As children are not as active as they once were, Armstrong Welsman (1994) stated that they are still aerobically fit, which suggest children are naturally fit. Thus, to improve a childs natural fitness, a good, strong training program is needed. Whether children exercise aerobically or anaerobic, there is the issue of heat conditions, also know as thermoregulation. Falk (2008) found that children produce more heat per kilogramme body weight than adults, but their thermoregulatory system is not as good. This is partly because they sweat less. For example, a 12-year-old boy may sweat 400ml per square meter of skin per hour, compared to an adult mans 800ml. Girls and women sweat proportionately the same, although less in absolute quantity terms. Children also tend to have higher skin temperatures, which hinder the flow of heat from body core to the periphery. However, children have a proportionately greater skin surface area the smaller they are. A young adult weighing 64kg will have a surface area of about 1.80 square meters; an eight year- old weighing 25kg will have a skin area of 0.95 square meters, i.e. 36 per cent more surface area per unit of weight. This helps to correct thermal imbalances, but can be a disadvantage whe n running in direct sun (or swimming in cold water) with the possibility of a faster rate of overheating (or overcooling). Injury is another common occurrence in children who take part in sport and exercise during there development. Adirim (2003) found that within the US around 30 million children take part in sport and exercise, and many of those have an injuries, which is due to overuse, also of those injuries over one third where of school age. With the physical and physiological differences of children and adults, this is one reason why children are more susceptible to injury. Overuse injuries are common, overuse injuries occur from the repetitive application of submaximal stresses to otherwise normal tissues. (Outerbridge Micheli, 1995) Injuries which are the most common are the ankle and knee. Overtraining and exposure to excessive levels of physical activity can cause an increased chance of injury, overuse injuries can affect normal physical growth and maturation. Prevention is the key, gradual rather than sudden increases in stresses and intensity can usually avoid physical breakdown. Early chan ges of the training program can ensure successful return to sport. In conclusion, it can be found after looking through peered reviewed research that training load can have both positive and negative aspects. In research it has found that Moderate stress on bones builds a stronger skeleton. Furthermore heavy loads or extreme forces can retard bone growth. Thus, power and heavy weight training should be avoided until later stages of development. Training load and menstruation in female athletes can have detrimental affects on reproductive development. As a result female athletes would have to reduce training, to reduce skeletal affects, as this is more harmful to bones growth, especially if a child or adolescence is still at the rapid growth stage at this time and prevent changes in menstruation. Surprisingly children are becoming more susceptible to many more health conditions as a result of falling physical activity levels, even when knowing that exercise can improve cardiovascular fitness and muscle strength, but little affect on blood lipids and blood pressure in obese youths. Although it has been found that children are most aerobically fit rather than anaerobic, but unfortunately there are few studies which have found that aerobic capacity in children will improve with training aerobically. Children also have a lower lactate production and the anaerobic threshold in children give heart rates which are similar to a trained endurance adult. Furthermore thermoregulation in children produce more heat than adults, but their thermoregulatory system is not as good. However to correct thermal imbalances, but can be a disadvantage when running in direct sun, with the possibility of a faster rate of overheating or overcooling. Finally injury is another aspect which occurs during a childs development, when taking part in sport and exercise. The most common injuries are overuse (joints commonly affected are ankle and knee). Children are most susceptible to injury during development as they are not coordinated and react slower than ad ults. Its also been found that instructions in training will stop the chances of getting injury. References AD Faigenbaum (2000) Strength training for children and adolescents, Clinics in sports medicine, 19(4): 593-619 Sharp NC. (1995) The health of the next generation: health through fitness and sport. Journal of the Royal Society of Health, 115(1):48-55. Falk, Bareket; Dotan, Raffy, Childrens thermoregulation during exercise in the heat a revisit (2008) Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Volume 33, Number 2, 1, pp. 420-427(8) Outerbridge RA, Micheli LJ. Overuse injuries in the young athlete. Clin Sports Med. 1995;14:503-516 Celermajer DS, Sorensen KE, Gooch VM, et al. Non-invasive detection of endothelial dysfunction in children and adults at risk of atherosclerosis. Lancet 1992; 340: 1111-5 Watts K, Beye P, Siafarikas A, et al. Effects of exercise training on vascular function in obese children. J Pediatrics 2004; 144: 620-5 Falk, B., G. Tenenbaum (1996) The effectiveness of resistance training in children: A meta-analysis. Sports Medicine 22(3): 176-186. Payne, V.G., J.R. Morrow, L. Johnson S.N. Dalton. Resistance training in children and youth: A meta-analysis. Research Quarterly of Exercise and Sport 68

A Look into Calvin Klein’s Advertisements Essay -- Essays Papers

A Look into Calvin Klein’s Advertisements As a seductive young man looks into a camera a raspy voice, off camera, whispers, â€Å"You got a real nice look. How old are you? Are you strong? You think you could rip that shirt off? That’s a real nice body. You work out? I can tell.† No, it’s not straight out of a steamy romance novel, though it could be. This is just one example of how provocative Calvin Klein’s advertisements have been. Although the ads boosted sales for the Calvin Klein empire, it angered many parents, religious groups, and even the media over its message, its image, and its legality. There is no doubt the ads are in bad taste, but in advertising today, sex sells. Advertising is all based on the way a particular individual perceives it. Flipping through any teen magazine, you will most likely come across a Calvin Klein advertisement that portrays his models as runway teenage junkies, young anorexic girls or even children clad in revealing clothing. In 1980, a Calvin Klein ad featured a 15-year-old Brooke Shields, who said that there was â€Å"nothing between her and her Calvin’s.† And who can forget the posters of Marky Mark grabbing himself in his cotton briefs, or the anorexic-looking Kate Moss that went topless in an ad. Patrick Carroll, President and General Manager of Calvin Klein Cosmetics Canada said, â€Å"All advertising, for fragrances, jeans and underwear, share a similar look that combines creative minds, beautiful faces, buffed bodies, gr...

Descriptive Essay Beach

Miranda Poole 2/3/13 English 101 Descriptive Essay The Beach: A Relaxing Wonderland It is spring break, in the middle of March, my junior year. As I cross the state line into Florida, I picture the ocean as being a place of peace and serenity. It’s my first time visiting the ocean, and all I can think about is hoping it is as beautiful as the pictures I have seen of it. As I arrive to the beach with all my friends, the eagerness of seeing this peaceful place is rising. I can’t wait to smell the fresh salty air, feel the soft sand between my toes, walk along the breezy shoreline.As we approach the beach, the first thing I notice is the sky. As I look into the cloudless, cerulean blue sky and see the flawlessness of life; in the distance, rolling clear-blue waves crash into each other with such force as that of football players. The sky is breathtaking along with the sounds of the waves and the tide washing onto the shore. The water reminds me of crystals shimmering in th e water with the sun reflecting off of it. As the sun sets, the sky turns into a pink hue with a bright orange sun going down into the horizon.We stroll on the beach, and my feet sink into the soft sand. I stroll along, and the grainy, slick, brown sugar sand pulls my bare feet under and leaves a perfect imprint. I pick up a handful and sift it from my palm slowly, feeling the grittiness of sand with each finger. The view down the beach of the white, but slightly brown sand was enough to make my knees go weak. The sand is such a sensational feeling between my toes and a beautiful view against the crystal blue water. The beach is a beautiful scene of peace and tranquility. Every moment is a different scene.As I sit in my chair I can see all the sights of summer; children building sand castles along the ocean's edge, to my right I observe an elderly couple enjoying a good book. The waves crash into one another, the breeze blowing from the tide, the smell of salty ocean, and the sticky air clinging onto my skin. Charging into the ocean with vigorous splendor and utter excitement, I insert my bare feet into the sea and am taken aback by the shocking coolness of the water. Bringing myself to a halt at mid-calf, I then trudge through the soft currents that splash upon my legs. An abundance of symbiotic, vibrantly olored, and variously sized fish swarm around my feet. Their bodies brush my leg with negligence as they strive to get from one place to another. I wish to stay here forever and realize, at this point, this is where I need to come for serenity and harmony, where all things seem perfect and care free. There is nowhere in the world quite like this, so peaceful and calm. The beach is a wonderland for all ages. Whether you want to have fun in the sun, or relax while reading a good book, the beach is the place to go. The beach is an unforgettable experience that one must witness in their lifetime.

Globalisation of Entertainment Industry in India

GLOBALISATION OF ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY IN INDIA INTRODUCTION TO GLOBALISATION(HSS F317) Submitted By: Submitted To: * Sankalp Bhatia Mr. T. Chakraborty * Tanish Anand Department of Humanities and Languages * Manas Lohani * Akshit Sandooja * Keshav Khanna ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A comprehensive report always requires the goodwill, encouragement, guidance and support of many people. We would like to thank the Instructor in-charge of the course, Mr. Tathagato Chakraborty for allowing us to explore new aspects about report writing through this exercise.We are grateful to our instructor for giving an opportunity to prepare a report on the topic â€Å"Globalisation of Entertainment Industry in India†. Also, we would like to thank him for his unflinching support and guidance. We also acknowledge with gratitude the consistent cooperation received from the BITS Library staff. The books they provided us served as an ideal data source which helped us throughout in the development of this repor t. We wish to express our appreciation to the enormous help given by our friends who spared a great amount of their valuable time in going through the manuscript and providing suggestions.CONTENTS * Introduction * Indian Film Industry * Current Situation * Emergence of new sources of income * Digitalisation of screens and increase in the number of screens * Foreign Investment * Shooting in foreign locations * Emerging 3D cinema and Advanced VFX * New Market Techniques * Indian Music Industry * Effect on Bollywood * Effect on Indian classical music * Effect on musical instruments * Indian Television Industry * Overview * Entry of foreign players * Case Study – Star Network * Rating Wars * Foreign content and storylines Challenges faced by the industry * Case study on viewership in Delhi * Bibliography The Globalisation of Indian Entertainment and Media (E&M)Industry-An introduction India’s entertainment economy is growing rapidly, and the world is taking note. The count ry is among the world’s youngest nations, with more than half a billion people under the age of 25. With favorable demographics and a rise in disposable incomes, the propensity to spend on leisure and entertainment is growing faster than the economy itself.Enticed by economic liberalization and the huge volume of demand for leisure and entertainment, many of the global media giants are starting to set shop in this country, once known as a land of snake charmers. In recent years, the Indian entertainment and media (E&M) industry has out-performed the Indian economy and companies from all over the globe are increasingly envisioning their growth linked to emerging and developing giants like India, which is why they are now focused on growing and branding their businesses in this market. The E&M industry-The major segmentsThe media and entertainment industry consists of many different segments under its folds such as television, print, and films. It also includes smaller segments like radio, music, OOH(Out of Home Media is an advertising medium which reaches out to the ‘difficult-to-reach' and  SEC A  consumers wherever they are, thus offering the advertiser an all day primetime. ), animation, gaming and visual effects (VFX) and Internet advertising. [1]  Entertainment Industry in India has registered an explosive growth in last two decades making it one of the fastest growing industries in India.From a single state owned channel, Doordarshan in the 1990s to more than 400 active channels,the E&M industry is galloping, even through tough times when others are facing recession. SIZE OF INDUSTRY The domestic entertainment industry was estimated at nearly Rs 225. 0 billion and provided employment opportunities for nearly 6. 0 million people in the year 1999. In terms of foreign exchange earnings, the industry contributed around Rs 4,000. 0 million in the year 1999. In the year 2008, the E&M Industry stood at INR 584 billion, a growth of almost 12. % ,every subsequent year. Over the next few years, this industry is projected to grow at a CAGR of 12. 5% & reach the size of INR 1152 billion by 2017. PROPELLERS OF GROWTH-The major Factors The growth in this sector of the Indian economy has been propelled by a number of factors such as :(a)the corporatization of the film industry, (b)a booming television sector, (c)a fast growing radio sector, (d)a expanding market for print products and other technological changes such as the advent of digital technology.Some of the significant changes include the emergence of new niche content genres such as reality television; the India Premier League (IPL), with cricket emerging as a mainstream entertainment genre; internationalization of Indian media and an increased production of content for global audience, launch of TV channels such as NDTV Arabia and NDTV Malaysia, launch of German edition of Filmfare magazine in 2008 and co-production and production of Hollywood movies by Indian players; a nd a substantial increase in Foreign Direct Investment into the Indian media sector.With $88 million of FDI flowing into the media sector in the last three years, increased density of alternative delivery platforms and digitization are collectively changing consumption patterns in the entertainment industry across India. Media sectors,regarded as â€Å"sunset† sectors in mature markets,are flourishing in India. For example,the newspaper industry,which is rapidly declining in other developed countries, is flourishing in India, on account of increasing literacy levels, consumer spending and the growth of regional markets and specialty newspapers.Newspapers account for 42% of all advertising spend in India, the most of any medium. INDIAN TELEVISION INDUSTRY Television is one of the major segments of the Indian entertainment industry and has thousands of programs in all the states of India. India is the third largest television market in the world. [5]The small screen has produce d numerous celebrities of their own kind with some even attaining national fame. TV soaps are extremely popular with housewives as well as working women. The increasing popularity in the satellite cable television segment has been a major cause for the high growth in this industry.The cable subscriber base has increased from around 0. 05 million in the early 90s’ to around 24. 0 million in the year 1999-2000 is further estimated to increase to nearly 120. 0 million by the end of 2013. With the rapid proliferation of channels (over 75), and the privatization of DD, growth in this segment is projected to be rather high. Indian Film Industry â€Å"You are not a true Indian if u don't follow cricket or bollywood† This is the impact the film industry has had on the minds of Indian people. Indians love to watch movies.With the advent of improved technologies in all aspects from film production (Rise of 3D cinema, Advent of digital cinema and the growth of multiplexes)to mark eting(wanna see a movie and all stores are closed buy it on the google playstore,or watch it online!! ),the increased corporatisation of industry(Collaboration with international studios: International film studios such as Warner Bros. , Disney, Fox and Dreamworks etc) and Resurgence of regional cinema, the Indian Film Industry has become the biggest contributor in the growth of the E&M indusry. GOING GAGA-THE BOOM IN RADIO INDUSTRYOne of the major drivers that have helped the media industry in India canter along at a blistering pace has been the good old radio. AM, FM and even Satellite Radio have made a huge impact on the Industry in India. The stage is set for major revenue growth among the various Radio Channels. In fact what we are seeing is not some newfound love for the old medium but just the natural uncoiling of the market after the liberalisation and privatisation of the industry Everything is new and nice at the moment. People in India today are spoilt for choice. Be it a ny media platform they have a stack of channels to choose from.In fact listening to FM Radio in India is very  weird, as it seems too â€Å"clean† without the usual news on the hour. Talking about  weird  of all the things Satellite Radio is here. WORLDSPACE has got around 65000 subscribers in India. That’s two thirds of its entire audience around the world. People like it because it is clean without commercials. In most developed markets though where broadband penetration is high people have access to thousands of radio channels via the Internet. Satellite radio hence does not generally do well there. The other limitations of satellite radio are the unavailability of portable devices in the country.THE MUSIC INDUSTRY The Indian entertainment industry is incomplete without the inclusion of music. Music,since the 90s has become the integral part of the Indian cinema. you will have to search hard to find an indian movie that doesn't incorporate a song. its not just the mentality of producers, it’s the public demand that drives the producers to include songs, whether its justified or not. Over the years, the importance of music has only increased, especially in case of the movie industry. Of late, movies have gone on to become huge successes largely on the backdrop of good music.While the popularity of film music increased, it also resulted in the growth of other segments such as remix, Indi-pop etc. Distributors Despite major changes occurring in the industry, most of the audience is still dependent on distribution network . Since timing is a very crucial factor here, only the companies with wider reach are able to thrive and generate profits. As distribution companies retain a major part of the profits generated in this industry, majority of them have diversified into setting up of their own retail stores. HMV is a pioneer in this area and has an excellent chain of stores at its disposal.This strategy has helped the companies to gauge the consumers’ changing perceptions and revamp their product offerings to meet the popular demand. Exchange of talent Globalisation has helped the music production companies to share the international pool of talent. The rate of usage of international talent increased tremendously after the 1990’s. Later, many artists’ internationally renowned artists have featured in Indian songs and vice versa. A. R. Rahman composed and produced music for the film  Slumdog Millionaire and  Resul Pookutty mixed the sound for the same film.Such examples display not only the impact of global companies on the indian industries, but that of Indians on the global stage. HINDI FILM INDUSTRY Current Situation :-The Hindi film Industry popularly known as â€Å"Bollywood† is the main contributor to the Indian film industry after regional language film industries like Bengali, Tamil, Telegu and Marathi. The Indian film industry is projected to grow at a CAGR of 10. 1 per cent to touch INR 150 Billion in 2016. The industry was estimated to be INR 93 billion in 2011 indicating a growth of 11. 5 per cent as compared to 2010.Although the country’s filmed entertainment industry is the largest in the world in terms of the number of films it produces (about 900) and its theatrical admissions (around 3 billion), it continues to be small in size in terms of revenue, mainly due to low ticket realization and occupancy levels. Moreover, lack of quality content and rising competition from Hollywood films continue to affect it. Source:-The Indian Bollywood Industry, DIBD-OMI, May 2012. However, one cannot underestimate the changes that have taken place in the Indian cinema due the fast globalizing or westernizing world.After Indian economy opened its gates for the rest of the world, a lot investment in terms of technology and funds have entered into the industry. Although 22 years since 1991 might seem a small time frame in the film industry, but it remains qu ite significant in terms of the progresses made. With more awareness, Bollywood has realized that it is necessary to create an ambience in the movies, so the movies target both the Indian culture as well as a more international culture overseas. Hence over the last 10 years Bollywood has become more international and has begun targeting a more global audience than before.Films like K3G, Kal ho na ho, My Name is Khan, Salaam Namaste, and recently Cocktail, have been a success in the overseas market mainly because of their portrayal of Indians living abroad. Bollywood films are not only watched by people in India, but also neighbouring countries like Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka watch the movies. Moreover, countries with large groups of Hindi and Urdu speaking population like Australia, UK, Africa and the US have many Bollywood fans. And countries like Russia and Japan are also buyers of Bollywood productions.Now, with the ever transforming world and tastes of the the viewers, the Indian film industry is trying its level best to match up to the needs. Some of the changes seen in the recent times are which can be attributed to globalisation are:- 1. Emergence of new source of income. Although revenues from the theatre segment constitute around 60% of the overall revenue for a movie, other revenue streams have begun to make a meaningful contribution. The trend of selling satellite and home-video rights prior to release gained momentum in 2010, and has enabled producers to involve lesser risks in their business models.Most of the revenues of the films are now earned within the first week itself which gives the film producers a chance to sell TV rights and air the movies earlier than before. A lot of films are now premiered very soon after they are being released and the satellite rights are sold well before the movies are released . Due to this, piracy is not that big an issue that it was a few years ago. Owing to these strategies, 2012 proved t o be a good year for Bollywood with 6 movies crossing the 100 crore mark. Source-KPMG 2. Digitalisation of screens and increase in the number of screens. To fight ne of the threats of piracy which was one way or the other because of other sources of information like internet, the film industry now a days do not send their physical prints at the theatres, rather they are relayed through satellite technologies like UFO. This has increased the no. of screens in which the movie runs many folds. Consider the case of Salman Khan’s first movie Maine Pyar Kiya which released across 500 screens in India and compare it with Ek tha tiger which opened to a record 3300 screens . The growth of multiplexes has improved the movie-going experience for Indian audiences and has led to increase per-ticket realization.Rising urbanization and growing disposable incomes are also driving increased investments in multiplexes. In addition, theatres with low seating capacities allow cost-effective scre ening of movies that are targeted at niche audiences. However, there is still further ground to be covered. The average number of screens per million in India is presently12, as compared to the global average of 54 screens per million. The number of multiplex screens in India is expected to increase from 1,000 in 2010 to 1,405 by 2013. Source: KPMG 3. Foreign Investment :With the liberalisation of indian economy in the 90s, we have seen that international film studios like Warner Bros. , Disney, Fox and DreamWorks have entered into collaborations with local film production houses to develop Hindi and regional movies. â€Å"Saawariya†, in 2007 was the first Hollywood produced Bollywood movie in India. â€Å"My Name is Khan†, produced by Fox Star Studios was a huge success both in India and abroad. Walt Disney, who earlier held a 50% stake in UTV, has now acquired a controlling stake in UTV Software Communications.Viacom18 has also entered a deal with the global movie co mpany Paramount Pictures to market and distribute the latter’s movies in India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. It has already ventured into production of Hindi language movies, and the new deal is expected to help create a distribution network. Local film production can benefit from the experience of these international studios to expand their international reach and incorporate enhanced project planning and cost controls. In a process to make India a filming destination, the Ministry of Information andBroadcasting is looking for setting up a Film Commission that will initially act as a single-window clearance agency to issue permits for shooting. At present, international producers need to seek many approvals. While they require script approvals from the ministries like I&B Ministry and the Ministry of External Affairs, cast and crew approvals are required from the Ministry of Home Affairs. Based on the kind of shots and location, they need approvals from Customs Department, the Archaeological Survey of India besides several other local and State authorities.Following excerpt from a newspaper depicts how creating such a single window clearance system can affect the Indian Filmmakers. Source: HT City, Hindustan Times, 14th April, 2013 4. Shooting in foreign locations, a boost for tourism In the recent past, many films have been extensively shot in foreign locations: Movie Country Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara Spain Rockstar Czech Republic RA. OneUnited Kingdom Don 2 Germany Ek Main Aur Ek Tu United States of America Worldwide, countries offer various incentives to encourage film producers to use their locations to shoot films.Incentives are offered in the following forms: †¢ Cash rebates – where a certain percentage of expenditure in a country is provided as rebate to the film producers †¢ Tax credits – where a percentage of expenditure in a country is allowed as credit against the income. †¢ Exemption from or refund of VAT and Custom s duty. †¢ Interest free loans †¢ Soft funding – negotiated tourism benefits, such as easier processing of visas, and discounts on accommodation and travel. Benefits of film incentives regime:- Boost to the tourism industry: Films shot in foreign locations depict diversity, history and landscapes of a country which help in increasing tourism in a country. * Benefits to the economy: Inflow of foreign exchange. * Boost to local film production : For example, the success of Slumdog Millionaire, which was shot in India and was a collaboration between Hollywood and Indian film technicians, helped the Indian film production houses secure more business. * Technological exchange * Creation of employment opportunity: Hiring of local technicians. Cultural Exchange Some Facts:- * The flow of Indian tourists to Australia increased by 20% from 2004–2006, especially after the success of Salaam Namaste. * The production of Heyy Babyy injected around US$2. 1 million into the state’s economy where it was shot. * Switzerland hosts around 150,000 tourists from India and large number of Bollywood movies are shot in the country every year. * Many US states such as California, New York, Michigan,Nevada and Utah offer incentives to film and television production companies from India.Many Bollywood movies have been shot in the US including My Name is Khan, Kabhi alvida na kehna, Kal ho na ho, to name a few. 5. Emerging 3D cinema and Advanced VFX:- 3D is a prominent theme these days and has demonstrated its significant potential with benefits such as increased audience engagement, increased ticket prices and the exclusivity of the medium, i. e, the theaters. The success of Avatar has taken 3D movie-making to new heights. Multiplexes could look at the feasibility of investing larger amounts on 3D screens to meet the growing demand to view 3D.There is an emerging market for 3D movies in India with movies like Any Body Can Dance, Dangerous Ishqq, Ra. One an d Haunted-3D. A new window of opportunity could open up if Bollywood is able to produce high quality 3D content. The visual effects (VFX) industry is a rapidly growing segment in India. It includes the creation of live action imagery by using computer-generated effects. It is increasingly being used by the visual media in India and can be classified into the following verticals — movies, TV shows and advertisements.The segment is still at its nascent stage with mainly low-end work being done in India. Domestic consumption is small, and therefore, the bulk of the work includes outsourced projects from the US and the UK. However, the domestic market is seeing bigger budget movies and ad campaigns, which are now open to spend more on VFX to provide an enhanced visual experience to viewers. There has been a significantly high growth in the number of VFX companies operating in India. According to some estimates, there are more than 40 major domestic VFX companies catering to the n eeds of domestic and international clients.Currently, India accounts for only around 10% of the total animation and VFX outsourcing pie. However, there is scope for growth and the amount of work coming to India from Hollywood is on the rise. In late 2011, VenSat Tech Services, a VFX company, joined hands with Reliance MediaWorks Limited to set up a VFX, computer graphics and animation team. 6. New Market Techniques. With more Hollywood movies getting released in India, Indian movies are adopting newer marketing techniques like selling merchandises, video games, toys etc. The indian film Ra.One was a first of its kind campaign with a complete 360 degree approach. Films like Harry Potter, Shrek, Superman, Batman have been successfully using this approach for their campaigns. EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION ON INDIAN MUSIC Effect on Bollywood One distinguishing feature of Indian films has always been its music. While the musical lost its dominance as a genre in Hollywood in the early 1960s, l argely due to the advent of rock music, Indian music scenario saw no such change. With the advent of â€Å"talkies†, Indian films started incorporating songs as an important element of the narrative.The sets and costumes, action scenes, presentation of stars, grandiloquent dialogues, and song and dance sequences became the main attraction in a movie for the fans. Song sequences are used for several purposes in films. Sometimes a song is a narrative part of the film; other times it is used as a dream sequence, or the lovers’ fantasy. Sometimes they function to allow an expression of feeling that cannot be articulated otherwise—notably the declaration of love. When music channels like MTV and V on cable and FM radio started roadcasting in India, the Hindi film music gained even more popularity. The music is important economically since the sale of music rights may recover a good part of the budget of the film. Recently, the film industry has been pre-releasing sou ndtracks for films along with music videos(which are basically clips of the songs from the film) some months in advance. This heightens pre-release interest among audiences and act as advertisements of the film. The latest trend that has been started is that of â€Å"Item Numbers†.The overt hypersexualization of the song-dance sequence is a kind of â€Å"MTVization† of Hindi film music; the song is packaged as a 5-minute video which can advertise the film and be sold as an independent commodity. A musical industry old timer has said â€Å"Whereas in older song-and-dance sequence the erotic had an element of coy and the tentative, today the erotic has in it elements of rank sexuality, brutish pride, and vulgarity. Naked feet adorned by anklets have been replaced with high leather boots and the pelvic thrusts display the hunger of a newly-unleashed sexuality.As in other spheres, in the theatre of sexuality, the Indian adventure with globalization is on display† It em numbers have become economic necessity for film producers, singers, and music directors who want to market themselves to a global audience, to globalize the appeal of Hindi film music, and to attract younger, upwardly mobile, city-based audiences. The song-dance sequences have taken on an â€Å"international† look, using a multi-cultural dance cast and hip hop-influenced clothing. Such tastes and representations are far too alien to the rural and lower middle class audiences. Effect on Indian Classical MusicIndian culture has been attached with music since long time, with traditional Indian music being the most famous among Indians till the time globalization hit the country. Western culture followers are increasing in India due to adoptive nature of Indian consumers. Though the number of youth listening to traditional Indian music may have declined but globalization has acted as a two way street in its truest sense. Indian classical musical instruments like veena, sitar a nd table have been incorporated heavily into the â€Å"World Music† genre which focuses on fusion and bringing out the spiritual side of music.Artists like Pandit Ravi Shankar, Pandit Amjad Ali Khan, Bismillah Khan and Zakir Hussain are renowned and respected globally. The situation surrounding the traditional classical music of India continues to change due to the remarkable advances made in methods of information dissemination and communication, among these the rapid growth of the Internet. Some critiques say that the commercialization of Indian music seems to have led to the monopolization of the market by a small numbers of â€Å"stars. Over the last ten years, it has in large part been the same small group of musicians who have been performing concerts in major cities. The popularization of Indian music has led too to changes in performance styles and audiences appreciation. This includes, for example, shortened performances, the traditional raga time concept meaningles s, and an overemphasis on technique. Serious practitioners and students of Indian music, in particular Hindustani music, have increased dramatically throughout the world. This is evident from the increasing number of Indian musicians traveling abroad to perform and record.In some Western educational institutions, Hindustani music has already been established as a formal area of study, and research is being done to determine the most effective methods of education in this discipline. In light of this trend, the traditional master/pupil method, Guru-Shishya-Parampara, has proved to be something of a controversial problem. Effect on Musical Instruments Increasing globalization ; increasing use of internet have resulted in changing the taste of music lovers; ultimately influencing their musical instrument choices.Gradually, the appetite for playing western music instrument has been fulfilled with the increase in number of western music schools. India western musical instruments market h as been anticipated to reach INR 542. 84 Crore by 2017. TELEVISION AND GLOBALISATION OVERVIEW Media imperialism is a sub category of under the broader category of media imperialism. The conventional view was that it was the global (particularly US) media that dominated and the technologies associated with it that were imperialistic and ruled the world. But the scenario was changing on the advent of 1990s due to nationalised media arising and getting promoted. Al-Jazeera was founded in 1996 and is a Qatar based company. Bollywood is seen as an answer to Hollywood. Reuters is major news company founded in Britain. Times of India is the world’s 3rd largest circulating paper. † These are some examples to name a few of the changing global media trend. Since the advent of television in 1920s it has been a source of news and entertainment. Majority of the channels were state funded and had little commercial use. After the arrival of globalisation television was changed, as the viewers were seen as a mode of income from advertisements and this began a war of TV ratings among the channel providers began.They turned the political struggle for television into a battle for market shares with an increasing international orientation. The liberalisation of television in association with the development of new broadcasting technologies led to a multitude of competing TV stations and to a diversity of available programmes. Private broadcasters’ dependence on funding by adverts caused a commercialisation of TV and shifted the focus of programming to ratings, which have become an all-dominant factor. The constant search for new ways of attracting viewers’ attention favours sensational topics and resulted in a variety of new programme formats.India was one of the most affected countries due to this trend. Ramayana and Mahabharata were the first major TV series in India. 1980s saw the arrival of popular shows like Hum Paanch, bharat ek khoj which made th e viewers engrossed in them. ENTRY OF FOREIGN PLAYERS In 1991 the government allowed private and foreign broadcasters to engage in limited operations in India. This was the first step of globalisation of Indian TV industry as this led to the entry of major foreign players such as CNN, STAR TV and domestic private enterprises such as ETV, ZEE.In 1999–2003, other international channels such as Nickelodeon, Cartoon Network, VH1, Disney and Toon Disney entered the market. Starting in 2003, there has been an explosion of news channels in various languages; the most notable among them are  NDTV,  CNN IBN  and  Aaj Tak. The most recent channels/networks in the Indian broadcasting industry include UTV Movies, UTV Bindass, Zoom, Colours, 9X and 9XM. CASE STUDY- STAR TV STAR TV is an US based company owned by Rupert Murdoch’s News Corp. It currently has 35 channels in 7 languages with around 400 million viewers in India â€Å"courtesy http://www. tartv. com/aboutus. asp x. † They currently own one of the most viewed channels of India such as Star Plus, Star Gold, Star Movies, Star world, Channel [V] to name a few. It is the leading TV channel in terms of no. of channels and viewers in India with hit shows such as Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi, Star Voice of India and 24X7 movies. RATING WARS Entertainment channels form the largest part of Indian TV industry with foreign and domestic players both. They broadcast daily shows which are mainly targeted to the family audience particularly ladies called â€Å"Soap Operas†.This is a huge source of revenue and entertainment as most of the advertisements are shown in this time slot making this a win-win situation for everybody. These not only include popular Hindi shows such as Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi or Kahaani Ghar Ghar Ki but also in other languages such as Punjabi, Marathi and English such as Ugly Betty, 90210, Damini. The popularity of these serials is evident from the data shown a bove. Source: TAM peopleter system, GEC Ratings (April 22-28) One of the major sources of entertainment is the sports channels which are dedicated to the world of sports.There are 20 sports channels till date with the majority owned by the foreign powerhouses such as ESPNSTAR (owned by FOX network), SONY SIX. Children's interest channels  are  television  specialty channels  that present children's interest content. This market is almost entirely owned by foreign companies such as Cartoon Network, Nickelodeon. The NEWS channels are the ones which have most of the domestic companies and have one of the fiercest rivalries among them. Other channels include dedicated to music, movies, sci-fi and general info. Majority of them are owned by foreign TNC’s such as MTV, Discovery, and HBO.All of these are owned by foreign media conglomerates and are one of the most viewed channels in India. All of these are owned by foreign media conglomerates and are one of the most viewed c hannels in India. FOREIGN CONTENT AND STORYLINES The content of the channels are also influenced by the global trends. In most of the cases either the storyline or the format of successful foreign shows are copied. Some of the examples are as shown below: * Jassi jaisi koi nahi – Ugly Betty * Big boss – Big brother * Indian idol – American idol * India’s got talent – Americas got talent Fear factor – Fear factor * Masterchef India – Masterchef Australia The viewership of English sitcoms are on the rise in the young generation such as Friends, HIMYM due to the rising English speaking population which has increased the revenues of these channels such as STAR World, AXN. On the rise is the viewership of movies both Hindi and English as evident from the exorbitant prices channels are paying for the television premiers of the movies. The sports TV industry is one of the fastest growing industries due to huge fan following also known as â⠂¬Å"popular culture†.The increase of number of sports channel in India is rapid. Cricket and football has proved itself as a huge source of revenue generation as perceived from the data below. IPL, world cup, BPL are huge attractions for advertisers and they are willing to invest in them. And majority of them are the TNCs who spare the big bucks. Top 5 most viewed events in 2010-2011 in India 2011 cricket world cup final – 67. 6 million viewers| Budget 2011 – 37 million| Commonwealth 2010 opening ceremony – 30 million| IPL 3 final – 9. 6 million| 2010 FIFA world cup final – 1. 5 million|Source: aMap data, Times of India Also the emergence of debating style of news presentation can be seen as an effect of globalisation. Now majority of the news channel present debates in their primetime slots so as to include various opinions. This has been a huge success. Also the technological advancement in television industry such as digitalization has imp roved the services offered which has also led to increased viewership. This is a direct result of globalization as the technology and information is transferred between nations. CHALLENGES FACED BY THE INDUSTRYBut the television industry faces many challenges due to globalization. * Main disadvantage is the accumulation of power in few foreign media conglomerates which hinders the growth of domestic market. Few Indian companies have been able to establish themselves in front of the global power. * The media sometimes become biased and influence the public opinion. For example in Saddam Hussein case media houses passionately supported US in their operation and thus took people on US side without telling the full story. * Also the advent of reality TV shows has increased their share which results in disproportionation.Time should be divided suitably for all types of entertainment which is not so in the present scenario. * TV has not yet been able to penetrate the rural parts of India due to lack of connectivity which is needed as it acts as a source of information. * Also in this century of internet viewers are migrating to web services. This has resulted formation of web portals of channels which is not encouraging to the TV industry. CASE STUDY ON VIEWERSHIP IN DELHI The figures below show the impact of television in the three major metropolitans and show type wise distribution of channels in Delhi. Source: www. amindia. com Bibliography n. d. http://www. indiantelevision. com. n. d. http://www. startv. com. n. d. www. tamindia. com. Film Industry In India: New Horizons. Ernst ; Young Pvt Ltd. , 2011. Google Images. n. d. http://images. google. co. in/. HT City. â€Å"Foreigners First, But What about us? † April 14, 2013. Indian Express. â€Å"IPL 6. † April 8, 2013. Reseasrch and Markets-Market research reports. n. d. http://researchandmarkets. com. Ritzer, George. â€Å"Globalization a basic text. † n. d. Vogg, Ejvind. The Indian Bollywo od Industry. DIBD, 2012. Wikipedia, The free Encyclopedia. n. d. http://wikipedia. org.